Age-related macular degeneration: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment 

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye disease that affects millions of people worldwide, especially those over the age of 50. It is the leading cause of vision loss and blindness among older adults in developed countries.

In this blog, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for AMD.

What is Age-Related Macular Degeneration?

The macula is a small, highly sensitive area in the center of the retina that is responsible for central vision. It allows us to see fine details, colors, and perform activities that require sharp vision, such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a gradual, progressive degeneration of the macula that occurs due to aging.

There are two types of AMD: dry AMD and wet AMD. Dry AMD is the more common form and occurs when the cells in the macula break down and form small, yellow deposits called drusen. These deposits can gradually increase in size and number, causing the macula to thin and lose its function. Wet AMD, on the other hand, is less common but more severe. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina and leak fluid, causing scarring and rapid vision loss.

Causes of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

The exact cause of AMD is not known, but several risk factors have been identified. The most significant risk factor is age; as we get older, the risk of developing AMD increases. Other risk factors include genetics, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and a diet low in fruits and vegetables.

Symptoms of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

The early stages of AMD may not cause any noticeable symptoms. As the disease progresses, the following symptoms may occur:

•     Blurred or distorted vision
•     Difficulty reading or recognizing faces
•     Dark, blurry areas in the center of your vision
•     Colors appearing less vibrant
•     Straight lines appearing wavy or crooked

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly.

Diagnosis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

An eye doctor can diagnose AMD through a comprehensive eye exam, including a visual acuity test, a dilated eye exam, and an optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan. The OCT scan uses light waves to create detailed images of the retina, allowing the doctor to identify any abnormalities.

Treatment Options for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

There is no cure for AMD, but several treatment options can slow the progression of the disease and improve vision. The treatment options depend on the type and severity of AMD.

Dry AMD can be treated with lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids, regular exercise, and quitting smoking. In some cases, supplements containing vitamins C, E, zinc, and copper may be recommended.

This condition can be further improved with regular use of power contact lenses. People who suffer from AMD should ask their doctors about the possibility and usage of wearing clear contact lenses. 

Conclusion

Age-related macular degeneration is a common eye disease that affects older adults. It can cause significant vision loss and blindness if left untreated. If you experience any symptoms of AMD, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. While there is no cure for AMD, several treatment options can help slow the progression of the disease. 

Stay tuned for more information on eye health and contact lens care.