The A to Z of Astigmatism

Astigmatism is a common vision condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a refractive error that causes distorted or blurred vision at all distances. In this blog, we will delve into what astigmatism is, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

What is Astigmatism?

Astigmatism is a vision disorder caused by an irregularly shaped cornea or lens. In a normal eye, the cornea and lens are both curved like a basketball. However, in an eye with astigmatism, the cornea or lens is shaped more like a football. This causes light to focus on two points in the eye, rather than a single point, leading to blurred or distorted vision.

Causes of Astigmatism

The exact cause of astigmatism is unknown. However, it is believed to be genetic, and it often runs in families. Astigmatism can also occur after an eye injury or surgery that affects the cornea's shape. Some medical conditions, such as keratoconus, can also cause astigmatism.

Symptoms of Astigmatism

The symptoms of astigmatism can vary from person to person. Some common symptoms include:

• Blurred or distorted vision at all distances
• Headaches or eye strain, especially after reading or using a computer for an extended period
• Squinting or tilting the head to see better
• Difficulty driving at night
• Sensitivity to light

Diagnosis of Astigmatism

Astigmatism is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam. During the exam, your eye doctor will check your vision, measure your eye's curvature, and test your eye's ability to focus on objects at different distances. Your eye doctor may also use a machine called a keratometer to measure the curvature of your cornea.

Treatment of Astigmatism

Astigmatism can be corrected through several treatment options, including:

Contact Lenses: Corrective contact lenses, known as toric or cylindrical power lenses, can be prescribed to improve vision for someone suffering from astigmatism. 

Refractive surgery: Laser eye surgery, such as LASIK or PRK, can reshape the cornea to correct astigmatism. However, LASIK surgery is associated with large number of risks.

Prevention of Astigmatism

There is no surefire way to prevent astigmatism, as it is primarily a genetic condition. However, protecting your eyes from injury can reduce your risk of developing astigmatism after an injury.

Conclusion

Astigmatism is a common vision condition that can cause blurry or distorted vision at all distances. It is typically caused by an irregularly shaped cornea or lens and is often genetic. Astigmatism can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam, and treatment options include corrective lenses and refractive surgery. While there is no way to prevent astigmatism, protecting your eyes from injury can reduce your risk of developing it. If you experience symptoms of astigmatism, schedule an appointment with your eye doctor for an exam.

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